Sentence examples for pathways that act from inspiring English sources

Autophagy is regulated by a complex array of signaling pathways that act upstream of autophagy proteins.

While the aggregation and toxicity of polyglutamine proteins directly correlate with the length of the polyglutamine tract [11], flanking sequences are also clearly important [12], [13], [14], as are intracellular signaling pathways that act via protein interactions or post-translational modifications [10], [15], [16].

Yeast also contain specialized mRNA decay pathways that act in response to aberrancies in translation.

These studies define sensory pathways that act as excitatory and inhibitory drives onto P1, providing insight into the functional connectivity of the courtship circuit.

Indeed, alternative RNAi-independent pathways that act to maintain heterochromatin at the mating-type locus and telomeres have been identified (Jia et al, 2004; Kim et al, 2004; Kanoh et al, 2005).

Expression of RTEs is also opposed by several small noncoding RNA mechanisms, including miRNA, siRNA, and piRNA pathways that act to silence transcription, promote mRNA destruction, or inhibit translation [ 72, 73].

So Katrin Andreasson, a neurologist at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, Maryland, and colleagues started looking for a part of the cyclooxygenase pathway that acts specifically on the brain.

XPA-1 is a component of the nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathway that acts upstream of the CEP-1 in UV-induced apoptosis (Stergiou et al., 2007), implying that the transcriptional activation of ZK355.8 upon UV irradiation was dependent on the functional XPA-1 gene.

AMPK is the downstream component of a pathway that acts as a sensor of cellular energy charge by monitoring AMP∶ATP ratio.

Taken together, the genetic data indicate that increased dosage of HIF-1 promote longevity via a pathway that acts in parallel to DAF-16 and SKN-1, but may be downstream of the DAF-2 insulin-like receptor.

Overexpression of any other limiting factor of the Wg pathway that acts upstream of Arm is unable to induce Wg target gene expression in these cells (Figures 5D and 5F).