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Taken together, these results suggest that virB mediates Brucella survival by affect expression of other genes and modifying signaling pathways of host cells.
Logunova, unpublished observations) and, possibly, by the Hc locus encoding complement component C5 [34], a major role of a single gene implies relatively straightforward regulatory pathways of host response, including neutrophil inflammation.
As additional signaling modules and cellular responses are defined, future disease models will need to incorporate them to better understand the fine-tuning of the signaling pathways of host immune response.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) repress target genes at the post-transcriptional level, and function in the development and cell-lineage pathways of host species.
The replication cycle of most pathogens, including influenza viruses, is perfectly adapted to the metabolism and signal transduction pathways of host cells.
We hypothesized therefore that either mechanism might be used by B. thetaiotaomicron OMVs to deliver BtMinpp into host intestinal epithelial cells, with the potential consequence that BtMinpp could interact with the inositol polyphosphate signaling pathways of host cells.
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Rab proteins regulate key steps in membrane traffic transport and endocytic pathway of host immune responses.
To further increase the LA titer, the l-LA and d-LA consumption pathway of host strains was blocked by deletion of the oxidative LDH genes KmCYB2 and KmDLD1.
L. interrogans is highly resistant to the alternative pathway of host complement activation [7] [12], a feature that is associated with binding of factor H to the bacterial outer membrane, degradation of C3b and C3 convertase, and inhibition of membrane-attack complex formation [11], [12].
A defect in this pathway of host defence profoundly influences the outcome of the infection.
This offers the possibility of exploiting an apparently natural pathway of host cell resistance to TB, and opens the door for a new approach to control the infection.
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