Sentence examples for pathways as determined from inspiring English sources

The results show that activity of drug effector and non-effector pathways as determined by genomic alterations influence drug sensitivity, and key targeting nodes in specific pathways may yield better therapeutic predictions by pathway-centric rather than gene-centric approaches.

These potential INK4a-activating transcription factors include multiple members of several growth-regulatory signal transduction pathways as determined by the KEGG BRITE functional annotation (http://www.genome.jp/kegg/tool/search_pathway.html).html

Figure 3 shows genes differentially expressed between the two tissue sets in the GABA receptor signaling and antigen presentation pathways, as determined using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis software [ 23].

Those pathways, as determined by the KEGG analysis, that had the highest confidence level for being disproportionately represented include: photosynthesis-antenna proteins (ko00196), protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum (ko04141), and endocytosis (ko4144).

A striking effect of miR-142 overexpression (OE) was the apparent suppression of multiple components of immune signalling in chemokine and cytokine signal transduction pathways, as determined by Gene Ontology (GO) analysis (http://www.geneontology.org).org

In support of these data, both the down-regulated and up-regulated unigenes were enriched in metabolic pathways as determined by KEGG analysis (Additional file 4: Figure S5B and C).

These results were consistent with ATR's rapid activation of the MAPK pathway, followed by peak phosphorylation of SF-1, and activation of the PI3K pathway as determined by phosphorylation of Akt/PKB (Fig 4B).

There was a modest activation of the MAPK pathway as determined by levels of phosphorylated Erk 1/2 in the paediatric high grade lines SF188 and UW479 as compared to KNS42 and the low grade lines (Res259, Res186).

Double-transgenic RIP1-Tag2; RIP1-VEGFB mice expressed VEGF-B protein in pancreatic islets at high levels throughout the tumor progression pathway, as determined by immunostaining for human VEGF-B (Figure 2b).

However, when we analysed the levels of activation of these signalling pathways we detected a dramatic activation of signalling by the PI3-K pathway as determined by high levels of p-AKT in the SMDF-expressing cells but could not reproducibly detect any increase in the levels of phosphorylated ERK (Figure 3E), although we could detect elevated levels in the NSSMDF cells (Figure 2F).

In naïve mice the biosynthetic pathway as determined by HDC mRNA expression indicates that expression in the brain was 3-fold higher in H3R−/− mice than in C57BL/6 mice, a finding consistent with the control of histamine synthesis by H3 autoreceptors [5], [17].