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Genetic analysis showed that mutations in one of three regulatory modules can readily lead to the evolution of one of these ecotypes [48], suggesting that chance may not have a big effect on the evolution of this ecotype since other mutational pathways are far less likely.
A similar concept exists in the liver, but the exact pathways are far from clear [ 136].
However, condition-annotated pathways are far from complete, considering the large number of possible conditions.
Now looking at the expressions for X∗and Y∗, if the forward basal rate constants k x, k y are neglected and it is further assumed that the signal strength is in a range where these pathways are far from saturation, then we have Y∗ = k sy S/ k− y and X∗ = k sx < S>/ k− x.
Simulation analyses of hypothetical metabolic pathways have shown that, when pathways are far from the fitness optimum, positive selection first targets enzymes lying at the upstream part, and at the branch points of the pathway, which exert greater control over metabolic flux.
When the signal range is not too high (so that both pathways are far from saturation), the response has the feature that a spatially homogeneous signal leads to a steady state which is very insensitive to the level of the signal.
Similar(52)
Current knowledge on signaling pathways is far from complete.
Our knowledge of these components and pathways is far from exhaustive.
Conversely, regulatory pathways were far more divergent and require the construction of separate organism-specific pathways by identifying reference pathways common among groups of organisms (e.g., three ribosomal assembly diagrams for Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukaryota).
However, further analysis of repair pathways is far from straightforward because of the significant and asynchronous DNA replication in this strain (see Figure 6 figure supplement 1), which substantially complicates the analysis and interpretation of 2D gels.
Whilst the evidence relating to exercise training effects on vasoconstrictor pathways is far less comprehensive than that relating to vasodilator control mechanisms, the few studies performed in humans suggest that the contribution of vasoconstrictor pathways to vasomotor control may decrease after training.
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