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VEGF ligands can also bind and activate PDGF pathways, a process important during MSC-associated vasculogenesis [ 58].
This was accompanied by the activation of signal transduction pathways, a process essential for subsequent transcription of immune response genes.
Mechanical ventilation with high tidal volumes causes lung edema and hemorrhage and activates inflammatory pathways, a process called ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) [ 2].
During development, the vascular network becomes more elaborate through the opening of new circulatory pathways, a process known as anastomosis (Adams and Alitalo, 2007; Wacker and Gerhardt, 2011).
This is largely related to hypoxia-induced activation of a broad range of adaptive pathways, a process in which the redox-sensitive transcription factor Hif plays a central role [166 169].
In the context of holosymbiont evolution, we hypothesize that retention of multifunctional endosymbiont enzymes facilitates genome reduction while maintaining the functional integrity of essential biosynthetic pathways, a process that facilitates genome reduction but results in increased functional complexity of symbiont-retained genes.
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The phagosomal lumen acquires microbicidal and digestive properties through interaction with various components of the endocytic pathway, a process known as maturation.
While 85%90%% of human cancers extend telomeres through the upregulation of telomerase activity, 10%15%% of cancers use the ALT pathway, a process that appears dependent on homologous recombination (Bryan et al., 1997; Shay and Bacchetti, 1997).
Interaction with a complex formed by uPA and its inhibitor PAI-1 induces cell surface down regulation and recycling of the receptor via the clathrin-coated pathway, a process dependent on the association to LRP-1.
gondii activity in retinal and brain microglia through the autophagy pathway, a process that is distinct from that utilized by IFN-γ since CD40 not only acts independently of this cytokine but also independently of Irga6 and nitric oxide.
Cytoplasmic localization of β1-integrin likely results from internalization of the receptor from the cell surface by the endocytic pathway, a process known to maintain cell-matrix homeostasis and matrix remodeling [30].
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