For example, separate pathways process the motion of light and dark moving edges (Joesch et al., 2010; Clark et al., 2011; Maisak et al., 2013), and different neurons within these pathways coordinate the motion response depending on the velocity of motion (Ammer et al., 2015).
These four families tested 1) face modulation of the motion pathway to STS from V5, 2) motion modulation of the face pathway to STS from OFA, 3) motion modulation of the face pathway to STS from OFA, and 4) motion modulation of both face pathways from OFA and FFA.
The motion pathway extracts optic flow at different scales, directions, and speeds.
(1) A 5-year R01 grant from the National Eye Institute titled "Impact of visual experience on the development of the motion pathway in the ferret". This project will use electrophysiology, two-photon imaging and behavioral experiments in ferrets of different ages to investigate the role of visual experience on the development of neural mechanisms of visual motion processing.
In other words, the OFA acted as a modulatory gain control on the "driving signal" in the motion pathway, rather than simply conveying the motion information itself (Foley et al. 2012).
This finding shows that form-selective motion sensitivity in the STS can be explained in terms of modulation of gain control on information flow in the motion pathway, and provides a substantial constraint for theories of the perception of faces and biological motion.
Throughout the arc of flexion, the motion pathways were similar for the three simulated active motion protocols employed in this study (p>0.05).
Neveu et al. suggested that abnormal eye movements change the structure of visual information entering the system, which therefore disrupts the ability of the motion pathways to form normally.
An instantaneous helical axis (IHA) approach provides rich temporal three-dimensional data describing the pathway of motion, which is easily visualized.
These findings argue that processing of form in IT that is defined by motion requires a serial processing of information, first in the motion analysis pathway from V1 to MT/V5 and thereafter via the form analysis stream in the ventral visual pathway to IT.
