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Figure 4 A condensed view of the glycolytic pathway steps, as well as the XR and PHB pathway steps that are relevant for the PHB accumulation in the constructed strain.
Importantly, the steady-state levels of the two terminal enzyme transcripts (BAPT and DBTNBT) are much lower than transcripts of early pathway steps.
Because transcription factors, as opposed to most structural genes, tend to control multiple pathway steps, they have emerged as powerful tools for the manipulation of complex metabolic pathways in plants.
Increasing the range of permitted phenotypic changes – by also allowing 'neutral' pathway steps that do not change antibiotic resistance – also considerably increases the number of accessible pathways.
Interestingly, differences between dn/ds ratios for different pathway steps were not apparent, in contrast to the plant anthocyanin pathway [99], [100].
Note, however, that where strong selection exists, such as during co-evolution of carotenoids with the purple bacterial photosynthetic reaction center, terminal biosynthetic pathway steps may be less evolutionarily plastic [75].
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In case a gene family represents a particular pathway step, the corresponding box displays the expression patterns of all individual members of the family in adjacent vertical stripes.
In the following sections we characterize the proposed pathway step by step.
The reactions in TP are mainly divided into three types: pathway step, molecular evidence, and semantic.
The "metabolic chain" means that the chains are constructed from metabolic pathway step reactions.
In pathway step 3, SNPs that can serve as subgenome-specific "destabilization" sites are identified.
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