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pathway of toxicity.
However, the current level of detail of AOPs are mostly narrative and not quantitative, thus there is a need to move to more molecularly defined mechanisms, for which the term pathway of toxicity (PoT) has been coined [43], in order to allow for modelling.
This mitochondrial pathway of toxicity is reinforced by the observation of increased cisplatin resistance in cells with dysfunctional mitochondria.
Inhibition of the deiodinase enzymes by xenobiotics is a well-characterized pathway of toxicity (Butt et al. 2011; Ferreira et al. 2002; Schmutzler et al. 2004).
These findings suggest that the affinity to AhR may not be a critical pathway of toxicity of POPs in humans for some outcomes, unlike findings from cells or animal models.
A general pathway of toxicity for several pollutants is mediated by the enhancement of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), which often modulate the occurrence of cell damage (Regoli et al. 2002, 2003).
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For instance, AuNPs of 1.4 and 1.2 nm in diameter, thus differing by only 0.2 nm, show different pathways of toxicity in HeLa human cervix carcinoma cell lines, causing cell death by necrosis and apoptosis, respectively [28].
The Adverse Outcome Pathways (AOPs) are designed to provide mechanistic understanding of complex biological systems and pathways of toxicity that result in adverse outcomes (AOs) relevant to regulatory endpoints.
It is hoped that improved handling of the poisonous gas will encourage research on the fumigant, especially with novel research strategies in academic research labs, so that more may be understood about the pathways of toxicity and resistance.
This would allow to deepen our understanding of possible pathways of toxicity.
However, this traditional black box approach sheds little light on the underlying pathways of toxicity.
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