In conclusion, we identified gene-gene interaction of INSIG-SCAP-SREBP pathway on risk of obesity, revealing that these genes affect obesity more likely through a complex interaction pattern than single gene effect.
Notably, these lifestyle risk factors strongly influence the established biological CVD risk factors and also affect novel pathways of risk such as inflammation [ 4].
Developing interventions to help homeless youth lower their risk of STIs and unwanted pregnancies requires an understanding of how their lives trigger different risk factors that lead to different pathways of risk and protective behaviors.
20 Because epidemiological studies of PWID tend to focus on the proximal determinants of risk behaviour and HIV transmission, there is a need to shift towards capturing distal factors and how these interplay to produce pathways of risk.
The pattern of less sensitive and responsive parenting, characteristic of chronically depressed mothers, may represent a point of entry onto developmental pathways of risk, especially for cognitive and language problems [ 7].
Although a focus on single genes may help advance theoretical models about particular biological pathways of risk, they face the same challenge (and currently have been met with the same fate) as studies of main effects of individual genes.
Psychological processing of early adversity and the individual social support available to the child, may also explain unique variance in the diverse pathways of risk [ 117], including the dysregulation of the HPA axis following deleterious rearing experiences [ 100].
Additional research to identify the pathways of risk and resilience is required in order to point towards possible policy and programming interventions, including novel efforts to intervene to prevent the emergence of mood disorders (e.g., interventions to help with stressful life events; interventions designed tailored to address social stigma, including heterosexism and homophobia).
We identified interaction of three genes in INSIG-SCAP-SREBP pathway on risk of obesity, revealing that these genes affect obesity more likely through a complex interaction pattern than single gene effect.
We evaluated the genetic contribution of the leukotriene (LT) pathway to risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) in 4,512 Caucasian and African American subjects ascertained through elective cardiac evaluation.
