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Particularly, convex curve pattern can be further explained by conductive pathway effect.
This FGU contained 2 interacting QTLs, QPh5b and QPh11, with an estimated pathway effect of 13.4 cm for increased height.
Type 1 was QG3 consisting of 2 interacting QTLs, QPh3c and QPh7a, with an estimated pathway effect of 16.8 cm for reduced PH.
The pathway effect directions of QPh3a, QPh4c, and QPh9a could not be determined based on the known QTL information except QG6.
Under positive selection, i.e. in the same direction as the pathway effect, all segregating loci in the pathway will show frequency shift in the direction of the pathway effect and following the order of S loci ≥T loci ≥B loci (particularly under additivity or in a RI/DH population).
Under negative selection, i.e. in the opposite direction of the pathway effect, only null mutant alleles or repressors at upstream regulatory loci are responsive to selection and significant amounts of allelic diversity will remain at downstream loci.
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Knowledge of the connections may suggest alternative targets that would have multiple pathway effects.
Type 2 included 4 independent FGUs, QPh3a, QPh4c, QPh9a and QG6 (QPh1 and QPh5a) with estimated pathway effects of 8.6 cm, 10.2 cm, 8.8 cm and 19.5 cm, respectively.
An investigation of the performance of various gene set approaches in detecting pathway effects in the presence of gene-expression interactions is warranted.
The mathematical relationships between the estimated QTL main and epistatic effects of loci at S, T and B levels of model (2) and their corresponding pathway effects were derived based on their expectations from the simulated results.
Pathway effects: Health effects resulting from early life conditions, which continue to impact future behavior.
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