We first examined whether the trajectories of solitary ENCCs were mathematically consistent with a random walk, which is a pathway consisting of a succession of independent random steps [ 32].
Atsumi et al. (2008, 2010) had designed a non-natural isobutanol production pathway consisting of five enzymatic steps from pyruvate (Figure 2).
Serotonin is synthesized in a short metabolic pathway consisting of two enzymes: tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) and amino acid decarboxylase (DDC) (See Table 1) [42].
The introduction of a synthetic metabolic pathway consisting of multiple genes derived from various organisms enables cyanobacteria to directly produce valuable chemicals from carbon dioxide.
Generally speaking none of the pentose sugars present in hemicellulose can be fermented to ethanol by the commercially ethanologenic available microbes (Antoni et al. 2007), as they lack the xylose utilization pathway consisting of xylose reductase and xylitol dehydrogenase.
In this study, we designed and constructed an artificial in vitro metabolic pathway consisting of nine (hyper thermophilic enzymes and applied it to the conversion of glycerol to lactate.
Figure 1 The PHB metabolic pathway, consisting of A) metabolite structures, involved enzymes, cofactors and B) the genes and regulatory sequences in the integrative vector YIpAGS2 in a schematic representation.
The green bold arrows indicate the introduced pathway consisting of genes encoding citrate synthase (gltA) and aconitase (acnA) from C. glutamicum and cis-aconitate decarboxylase (cadA) from A. terreus.
First we introduced the biosynthetic pathway, consisting of tyrosine ammonia-lyase from Herpetosiphon aurantiacus, 4-coumaryl-CoA ligase from Arabidopsis thaliana and resveratrol synthase from Vitis vinifera, and obtained 2.73±0.05 mg L−1 resveratrol from glucose.
Subsequent introduction of a BDO biosynthetic pathway consisting of the cytosolic acetolactate synthase (cytoILV2), Bacillus subtilis acetolactate decarboxylase (BsAlsD), and the endogenous butanediol dehydrogenase (BDH1) resulted in the production of enantiopure (2R,3R -butanediol (R-BDO).
A cytosolically located, cofactor-balanced isobutanol pathway, consisting of a mosaic of bacterial enzymes whose in vivo functionality was confirmed by complementation of null mutations in branched-chain amino acid metabolism, was expressed in S. cerevisiae.
