Signal transduction pathways described in fungi include the Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) pathway, cAMP-dependent protein kinase pathway (PKA), and calcineurin-Ca2+-calmodulin-activated phosphatase signalling.
As an example, we mapped the four clusters onto the promoter of genes involved in a typical stress-responsive pathway, cAMP-protein kinase A (Aguilera et al. 2007).
Among these pathways, the cAMP pathway represents an important output of heterotrimeric G-protein signaling.
Specific to the expression of FLO11, three pathways cAMP-PKA, MAPK and TOR operated parallely to decide the appropriate phenotypic response based on the degree of nutritional availability.
The present study was designed to assess the regulation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway by cAMP and its association with differentiation in HL-60 cells.
This pathway blocks cAMP production, thereby reversing some of the effects of Gs stimulation, and also targets downstream pathways, which have been shown to promote cell survival.
The central messenger of the signal transduction pathway is cAMP, produced by the adenylate cyclase, which is regulated by GpaB, a G-protein α subunit.
C5a receptor signals via multiple pathways, including cAMP, MAPKs, and PI3K/AKT-dependent signalling [ 12].
Much is known about the pathways for cAMP synthesis and hydrolysis.
Currently, three signalling transduction pathways (calcium signalling, Ras/MAPK pathway and cAMP-PKA pathway) have prompted intensive efforts on their roles at early stage of spore germination [ 33].
