After the increase in concentration of oxygen in the atmosphere 2.4 billion years ago that nearly wiped out life on Earth (the great oxygenation event), aerobic organisms entered the path of adaptation, eventually ending up on oxygen, an electron acceptor for their energy mechanisms.
Although it remains unclear whether or not there might be a common underlying biological mechanism such as a modification of expression, it is indeed striking that the same gene stands out in three independent studies investigating geographically distinct populations, indicating a common path of adaptation to a hypoxic environment.
Models of biochemical networks in microorganisms became trustable enough to make computational predictions about the paths of evolutionary adaptation of these networks to various sources of energy, carbon, nitrogen, etc. [ 16].
Our analyses of 45 Francisella genomes showed that recognised species could be divided into two main genetic clades and suggested that the pathogenic species in each clade emerged independently by similar evolutionary paths of host adaptation.
The observed genome to genome variation in gene content and IS elements of different species supports the view that similar evolutionary paths of host adaptation developed independently in F. tularensis (infecting mammals) and F. noatunensis subsp. noatunensis (infecting fish).
The direct use of the paths implies difficulties of adaptation mostly when free-shaped surfaces are treated, so that the use of a constant contact force control has also been considered.
This location specificity could not be explained by regions of monocular dominance (eye-of-origin factors) or path history (sequential buildup of adaptation over a predictable trajectory across visual space).
On those occasions, [PSI+] can smooth the path to adaptation.
Resistance is part of adaptation.
But what sort of adaptation?
