Supporting this, higher neutrophil and inflammatory monocyte frequency, elevated serum nitrate levels, and enhanced MMP expression have been observed in the Mtb-infected animals, wherein pathology was mediated by IFNγ+CD4+ T cells [5, 63].
However, it is unclear whether frequent marijuana users conform to a "reinforcer pathology" addiction model wherein marijuana demand and DD jointly increase risk for problematic marijuana use and cannabis dependence (CD).
Thus, PD and DLB are thought to form a clinico-pathologic continuum wherein the clinical manifestation of EPS and/or dementia depends on the anatomical distribution and the load of αS pathology [ 4, 17, 19, 25, 28, 30].
Dementia is a multi-factorial disease wherein cumulative pathological brain insults (usually more than one pathology) result in progressive cognitive decline, which ultimately leads to dementia.
Clostridium perfringens (Cp) is an environmentally dominant anaerobic bacterium, which upon ingestion and overgrowth, can cause intestinal inflammation and necrotic tissue damage, wherein the collective disease pathology is termed necrotic enteritis (NE).
Several studies show that -carnitine has a neuroprotective action in different neurodegenerative pathologies such the syndromes of Parkinson and Alzheimer, wherein mitochondrial malfunction and oxidative stress are also observed.
Whereas several mouse models have exhibited varying forms of retinal degeneration wherein the photoreceptors are not the initial site of pathology, to the best of our knowledge the Adam9 −/− phenotype is unique and no human disease has been previously linked to such a phenotype.
Finally, a key advantage of the imaging methodologies is the 3D visualization and analysis options wherein image segmentation and analysis algorithms quantify visualized pathologies into statistically measurable parameters.
Subsequently, a competing hypothesis has been proposed wherein amyloid derived diffusible ligands (ADDLs) that are large Aβ oligomers (∼ > 60 kDa), mediate AD pathology.
Wherein lies the nucleus?
