Different pathologies that patients suffered and required tracheotomy were: post-operative complications of brain tumors (brain stem and mixed nerves) with 52 patients, a rate of 46%, vascular pathologies (stroke and CVT)), with 32 patients (28%), traumatic pathologies, with 29 patients (26%).
It has been applied for fifteen years to patients affected by different pathologies (stroke, TBI, and Parkinson and Friedreich's disease) to evaluate their residual functionality.
However, several brain pathologies including stroke, result in BBB opening [ 12- 14] and evidence exists that this opening can be transient in acute stroke [ 15, 16].
Cortical spreading depression (CSD) is closely associated with important pathologies including stroke, seizures and migraine.
In mammalian tissue CSD has been associated with several important pathologies including stroke, seizures and migraine [4] [6].
Astrocyte activation is a hallmark of various CNS injuries and pathologies, including stroke, trauma, tumor, infection, and neurodegenerative diseases [ 1- 3].
The increase of extracellular glutamate has been implicated as a causative factor in numerous pathologies, including stroke, Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
These findings suggest an alternative culturing technique that can enhance the function of hAMSCs, which may be necessary for their use in the treatment of various pathologies including stroke, myocardial infarction, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and GBM.
The link between emotional processing and cerebellar activity is further supported by evidence which has documented pathological laughing and crying in patients with cerebellar pathology from stroke (Parvizi et al. 2001) and by evidence which shows increased posterior vermis activation in substance abusers during reward-related tasks (Anderson et al. 2006).
In order to understand the pathology of stroke, targeted gene expression and proteomics studies have been carried out to investigate the role of particular genes and proteins.
It is well known that erythrocytes have a large amount of sialic acid and could represent a model to investigate changes occurring in a pathology like stroke.
