Prusiner's work may yet turn out to be an example of what Nobel-laureate chemist Irving Langmuir called "pathological science," where sensational scientific discoveries turn out to be false--not fraudulent but merely self-deluded.
Cases of "pathological science", in which a wrong theory or non-existent phenomenon are believed for many years and are "supported" by empirical data, have been observed in all fields, from parapsychology to physics [35].
The tissues were collected during primary tumour biopsy at diagnosis between 1985 and 2009 at the Department of Anatomical Pathology, Pathological Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
Moffat continued to say that teachers would "also recognise the pathological preference for science over arts and all that league-table shit.
Giovanni Battista Morgagni, an Italian anatomist and pathologist, is credited with making pathological anatomy an exact science.
"By putting scientists into two categories which do not reflect the subtleties of the debate,... this paper simply reinforces the pathological politicization of climate science in policy debate," says Roger Pielke Jr. of the University of Colorado, Boulder.
As evident in numerous medical disciplines, tissue engineering strategies are now being increasingly developed and evaluated as potential treatments of pathological conditions in dental sciences, particularly periodontology, endodontics, oral and craniofacial surgery, dental implantology, orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics, organ bioengineering, and transplant medicine.
Historians are often fascinated by how scientists strive to cleanly differentiate between legitimate scientific inquiry, on the one hand, and "pseudo", "pathological", or just plain "bad" science, on the other.
It is important to achieving detailed and accurate information of pathological process on cellular level in life science research.
Canguilhem was more interested in the biological and health sciences than Bachelard and gave great attention to the distinction between the normal and the pathological, a distinction that does not arise in physical science.
The pathogenesis of benign thyroid diseases is a question that has puzzled medical science since the first clinical and pathological descriptions were made in the past centuries.
