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Second, it is possible that the stereotypic behaviour that we observed in the starlings was not associated with pathological behavioural disinhibition.
We postulate that this physiological autoregulatory mechanism may result in a pathological behavioural syndrome, namely mania, in vulnerable subjects [ 4- 6].
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The debate in the literature is still quite open and ranges from the model of gambling as a pathological behaviour (where obsessive-compulsive components play a core function) to the model of behavioural addictions.
Just as understanding of pathophysiology is critical for the development of diagnostic tests and pharmacological agents, understanding "pathological" behaviour specific to environmental and social context is necessary for the development of context-specific, behavioural change strategies.
This decrease occurred at early ages, well before pathological and behavioural alterations appeared.
All of the common and rarer types of invasive carcinomas are described with comments about the important pathological and behavioural features, including recent data such as cancers occurring in patients with inherited syndromes.
This model expresses mutant tau protein and has been well studied for pathological and behavioural abnormalities (116); consequently, a simple battery of motor tests could be used to define the K3 phenotype.
Furthermore, suppression of brain glucose utilization and induction of insulin resistance in rats by intracerebroventricular injection of streptozotocin is associated with pathological and behavioural deficits similar to those observed in AD patients [ 38, 39].
In addition, both young and aged TDP-43Q331K single transgenic animals display an increase in detergent insoluble TDP-43 compared to age-matched non-transgenic animals (Figs. 8d e, Additional file 1: Figure S13), hence there appears to be a correlation between levels of detergent insoluble TDP-43 and the degenerative pathological and behavioural motor phenotype observed in these mice.
Its histo-pathological and behavioural outcomes are extensively similar to human SCI.
Since its introduction in 1978 as the first SCI model in rats [ 20], the clip-compression model has become a standard injury model in animals as it mimics the human primary mechanism of injury to the spinal cord as well as the histo-pathological and behavioural outcomes of human SCI.
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