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The bacterial and viral pathogens were tested according to the technical procedures of diarrheal pathogenic spectrum surveillance formulated by the China CDC to process bacterial isolation, culture and purification.
CPV-2a, 2b and 2c strains, a feline panleukopenia virus (FPV) strain, and nine canine pathogens were tested to evaluate assay specificity.
A total of 410 pathogens were tested.
Pathogens were tested on a quarterly basis, and all serologies tested were negative throughout the study.
The RT-LAMP was determined to be specific, as no cross-reactions were observed when other bovine pathogens were tested.
Once they had been isolated and identified, pure cultures of udder pathogens were tested for antibacterial susceptibility with the disc diffusion assay on Mueller-Hinton agar.
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Before exchanging animals between facilities, the health certificates need to be exchanged, and only if the receiving facility's negative list of pathogens is tested negative over a defined time period in the source facility/facilities, the animals can be transferred.
The resistance of common aerobic vaginal pathogens was tested using EUCAST disk diffusion method [ 24] for the following: azithromycin, doxycycline, amoxicillin, amoxicillin with clavulanic acid.
When the effect of rotavirus co-infection with other pathogens was tested, Shigella spp. were significantly less likely to be found in samples with rotavirus than in samples without rotavirus (OR 0.30, 95% CI 0.17 0.52).
The data currently available on the frequency of different enteric pathogens found in the stools of children with persistent diarrhoea and without diarrhoea is limited in its applicability and generalisability, especially in the range of pathogens being tested for and the locations of the studies.
Although more isolates of pathogenic fungi than non-pathogens were tested, treating genus, species and isolate as random effects reduced the sampling bias; these results indicate a significant trend and highlight the powerful suite of CWDE produced by many plant pathogenic fungi.
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