Sentence examples for pathogens were determined using from inspiring English sources

IgG, IgA, and IgM antibodies to C. pneumoniae and IgG antibodies to other pathogens were determined using commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits (5).

When competition was intra-specific, pathogen genotypes were determined using variation in the microsatellites SVG8 and SVG5 resulting from PCR amplification with primers as described in past research [ 51] (Fig. 1B, D).

Until August 2006, susceptibility patterns were determined using agar disk diffusion for all pathogens.

Insertion sites were determined using semirandom PCR [31].

Protein concentrations were determined using RC DC Protein Assay (BioRad).

Private alleles were determined using GDA [40].

Clusters were determined using Statgraphics Plus 5.0.

Alleles were determined using CEQ Fragment Analysis software.

Whether a pathogen was significantly present was determined using a complex interpretation method.

The performance of a duct-mounted air disinfection system, designed to reduce airborne pathogens in the hospital environment, was determined using a new testing methodology.

Knowledge of pathogen removal in stormwater biofilters (also known as stormwater bioretention systems or rain gardens) has predominately been determined using bacterial indicators, and the removal of reference pathogens in these systems has rarely been investigated.