Sentence examples for pathogens production from inspiring English sources

Several mechanisms have been postulated to contribute to the anti-inflammatory effect of probiotics in the gut, including competitive exclusion of pathogens, production of antimicrobial agents and organic acids, enhancement of the epithelial barrier function, increase of mucosal IgA secretion, and modulation of lymphocyte and dendritic cell function [5] [6].

Many bacteria contribute to various physiological functions, including nutrition, development, reproduction, resistance to pathogens, production of pheromones, and immunity [ 1].

During the immune response against pathogens, production of an active IL-12-p70 IL-12-p70 IL-12-p70increased by two types of stimuli: priming and amplification [ 14].

Probiotics reduce inflammation by a number of mechanisms, including alteration of the mucosal immune system, competitive exclusion of proinflammatory pathogens, production of antimicrobial factors such as bacteriocins and other metabolites (28, 30), and support of increased intestinal barrier function (31, 32).

Therefore, we conducted small-scale laboratory experiments to estimate two critical parameters in the transmission process, the rates of pathogen production, λ, and decay, μ; the methods and results of these experiments are presented in Supplementary Text S1 and Figure S2.

Previously, Frost et al. [ 29] reported reduced pathogen production, and Penczykowski et al. [ 49] reported reduced transmission potential in individual hosts receiving low-quality food; both reports suggested that reductions in disease incidence could occur in ecosystems limited by poor resource quality.

In an attempt to shed light on the evolutionary factors behind such a tight co-occurrence of immunity and suicide, we examined a scenario where activation of adaptive immunity can lead to cell death and no pathogen production with probability q.

Pathogens regulate production and signaling responses of plant hormones during infection, and also produce phytohormones themselves to modulate plant responses.

The architecture of the lymphatic network that connects lymph nodes to each other and to tissue facilitates the search for pathogens and production of antibodies that neutralize them.

Apparently, classical CD14++CD16− monocytes, which have the high antimicrobial capacity with phagocytosis of pathogens and production of antimicrobial proteins, leave the bone marrow and, subsequently, invade inflamed tissues and differentiated macrophages and/or dendritic cells.

Our findings demonstrate that it should be possible to develop 'pan-reactive' drug-like compounds that inhibit SUB1 in all three major human malaria pathogens, enabling production of broad-spectrum antimalarial drugs targeting SUB1.