Sentence examples for pathogens penetrate from inspiring English sources

Where pathogens penetrate these initial defence systems, rapid detection of their presence is achieved by their engagement with a large family of pattern recognition receptors, including Toll-like receptors, retinoic-acid-inducible gene-like helicases and Nod-like receptors.

If pathogens penetrate during milking they may be flushed out otherwise infection usually occurs.

While most rust pathogens penetrate the host indirectly by entering through stomatal openings and then breaching the mesophyll cell wall, P. pachyrhizi is one of a few rusts that enter the host by direct penetration of the cuticle and epidermal cell wall [ 12].

The aetiology of the hepatitis remains unclear, but could be secondary to the enteritis since the liver is the first organ of defence to pathogens penetrating the gut mucosa [ 44], or be a result of other random inflammatory processes.

The analyses showed that the colonization of leaf tissues by P. viticola followed an analogous pattern in the two cultivars until two dai: the asexual spores of the pathogen penetrated through the stomatal pore and differentiated the substomatal vesicle (Fig. 1A,E) from which the primary hypha with haustorium originated (Fig. 1B,F).

It is generally thought that Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi, an enterically acquired invasive pathogen, penetrates the ileal epithelium and is transported via underlying macrophages to spleen, liver, and other target tissues during the normal disease course.

ToxA is internalised into plant mesophyll cells subsequent to the pathogen penetrating the leaf [ 11] and interacts with the chloroplast-localized protein ToxA-BP1 leading to collapse of photosynthesis, the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and eventually to cell death [ 12, 13].

These results suggest that periodontal pathogens may penetrate deep periodontal tissues in vivo.

Breakdown of the mucosal barrier enables noxious agents and pathogens to penetrate the epithelium.

Mastitis occurs when the teats of cows are exposed to pathogens which penetrate the teat duct and establish an infection in one or more quarters within the udder.

All types of CAZymes, especially plant cell wall degrading enzymes, are commonly produced by fungal plant pathogens to penetrate the rigid barrier of the plant cell wall.