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Gene and functional redundancy is also more common in the pathogens in comparison to the saprophytes (Table 4).
The methanol extracts showed high inhibition at the minimal concentration for most of the clinical pathogens in comparison to other extracts.
The analytic method selection might explain this variation between the percentages of CoHV-1 positive birds since PCR-based techniques enable a more sensitive detection of viral pathogens in comparison to serological assays.
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Unique for the human pathogen in comparison to P. luminescens are the two fimbrial gene cluster ye2664- 2668 and ye2692 - 2700 both of yet hypothetical function.
Among the sub-fractions, CHF1 inhibited the pathogens effectively in comparison to other three sub-fractions.
In summary, SCS-BTA18-q showed a less distinct and delayed response to pathogen challenge in comparison to SCS-BTA18-Q in both S. aureus and E. coli inoculated cells, and E. coli inoculated cells triggered a faster and more distinctive response to pathogen challenge than S. aureus did.
PR1 transcripts in the 'receiver' plants in treatment A were upregulated 11.1, 9.3 and 23.0-fold at 65, 100 and 140 h after pathogen inoculation, respectively in comparison to those in treatment B, which did not have CMN connections with pathogen-challenged neighbouring plants (Fig 2a).
However since the physiological temperature of MAP's natural host is 39 °C, we hypothesized that host and pathogen behavior to vary considerably in comparison to 37 °C.
Significant increase in growth of tomato plants in terms of dry weight of shoot and root were observed in Fol + SA + Th and Fol + MeJA + Th treated plants in comparison to pathogen challenged plants.
Our data support a role for jasmonates in establishing or maintaining V. riparia resistance against P. viticola, given the significant increase in the levels of both jasmonic acid and MeJA at 48 hpi only in this species, concomitant with the effective arrest of pathogen growth, although much later in comparison to the transcriptional reprogramming described above.
In contrast, genes of the 'acute phase response signaling' pathway such as SAA3P, IL6 and NFKB2 showed an earlier and higher up-regulation after inoculation with both pathogens in SCS-BTA18-Q cells in comparison to SCS-BTA18-q cells.
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