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However, when stem cell lines are differentiated to form tissue cell types they may provide a suitable culture substrate for the growth of pathogenic viruses such as HCV, HBV (Si-Tayeb et al, 2012) and other pathogens depending on the cell types generated (Bandi and Akkina, 2008).
These conflicting findings are likely attributable to the inherent complexity of vector-borne disease systems, which involve diverse groups of vectors, hosts and pathogens, depending on geography.
The TaqMan® Array Card (TAC, Life Technologies™), can simultaneously test 7 clinical specimens for up to 21 individual pathogens (depending on arrangement of controls and use of duplicate wells) by arrayed singleplex RT-qPCR on a single assay card, using minimal amounts of clinical specimens.
Patients with risk factors for HCAP constitute a heterogeneous group with varying risk for drug-resistant gram-positive versus gram-negative pathogens depending on functional status and type and extent of healthcare exposure [ 6, 7].
Gene flow can also act to delay or enhance the spread of resistance to pathogens, depending on the pattern of movement of susceptible and resistant individuals between treated and untreated areas (Caprio and Tabashnik 1992; Croft and Dunley 1993).
We found that campylobacters can be unequivocally distinguished in established and putative pathogens depending on their repertory of virulence genes, which have been horizontally acquired from other bacteria because the nonpathogenic Campylobacter ancestor emerged, and posteriorly interchanged between some members of the genus.
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Plant resistance to pathogens depends on many factors, including the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which is one of the least specific reactions of living organisms.
The virulences of many pathogens depend on their abilities to detoxify the immune antimicrobial nitric oxide (NO).
The contribution of genetics to the fight against pathogens depends on the natural variability that comes from the co-evolution between plants and their aggressors.
In this respect, temporal organization of immune response maximizes it at the time of the day that is needed most, since exposure to microbial pathogens depends on intrinsic 24-h rhythms of the host (activity, feeding).
The predominant techniques for identification of microbial pathogens depend on conventional clinical microbiology monitoring approaches.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com