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LYME disease has been called "the big masquerader" of diseases, its stubborn pathogens able to mimic a host's DNA to avoid detection and cause symptoms in a human patient often mistaken for other illnesses.
They are also true invasive pathogens, able to invade intestinal epithelial cells via a macropinocytosis-like process, and to survive and replicate intracellularly after lysis of the endocytic vacuole.
Alarmed by the growing threat of pathogens able to survive drugs meant to kill them, a grassroots network of scientists has sprung up to track a mostly ignored well of genes for these superpathogens: harmless bacteria in which resistance may first evolve.
More generally, active potassium uptake systems are likely to be important for all bacterial pathogens able to disseminate in vivo extracellularly via the hematogenous route.
However, there are many factors in the mammalian cytoplasm speculated to be involved in preventing bacterial growth, a fact suggested by the extremely small number of intracellular pathogens able to divide in the presumably nutrient-rich cytoplasm [24].
To test whether bacteria are able to induce epithelial repair, we selected an experimental in vitro model, in which wounded airway epithelium is stimulated with inactivated whole S. aureus, one of the major human pathogens able to colonize mucosal surfaces and to extensively interact with ECs of barrier organs [17].
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Mycobacterium avium is a difficult-to-treat pathogen able to quickly develop drug resistance.
Human enterovirus 71EV-71EV-71merged asignificantcant pathogen able to cause large outbreaks involving severe neurological cases and children fatalities in Asia.
Listeria monocytogenes is an intracellular pathogen able to induce its own internalization into non-phagocytic cells [19].
Yersinia pseudotuberculosis is an enterobacterial pathogen able to grow at low temperatures.
The phylogenetic microarray targets mainly S. marcescens, which is considered as an opportunistic pathogen able to cause invasive infections (sepsis, meningitis, pneumonitis) in neonates [ 45, 46].
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