Sentence examples for pathogen stages from inspiring English sources

It is often assumed that they enter a hibernating/quiescent state, although there is increasing evidence that a number of so-called latent pathogen stages exhibit appreciable metabolic activity.

The observation that the apicoplast of T. gondii significantly varies in shape and protein expression patterns at different life stages of the parasite suggests its important role in virulence; the apicoplast of T. gondii is also involved in the pathogen stage conversion and the parasite proliferation [ 5].

The life cycles of many human pathogens, including foodborne pathogens, comprise stages in the environment outside the eukaryotic host, for which data are sometimes limited but are required to monitor adverse effects on human health [ 1– 3].

Furthermore, gene expression profiles of banana roots during different pathogen infection stages were compared using a digital gene expression (DGE) system.

Pathogen development stages were examined at the different time points by observing at least 200 conidia per sampling time for each of the cultivars.

The 94 RXLR effector candidates were detected by RNA-seq during the pathogen developmental stages in the present study while most (8) of 11 potential RXLR effectors were identified during the strawberry infection by ESDD in the previous study [ 8].

Secondary needle, stem (bark), and other tissues from more mature WWP trees or from tissues at relatively late pathogen infection stages could be investigated to detect tissue-specific defence responses and to identify host genes regulated specifically during other infection phases of the C. ribicola life cycle.

This finding is important because global transcriptomic profiles revealed a remarkable degree of specificity with regard to pathogen and stage of immune challenge.

For reasons explained in this article, the term Performance Objective (PO) is introduced to designate levels of pathogens at stages in the food chain before the moment of consumption.

During this early infection stage, Pst sequentially forms the infection peg, infection hyphae, haustorial mother cell and primary haustoria that initiate the pathogen biotrophic stage.

Of biomedical interest, it has been suggested that the cellular source of IL-10 may vary in response to infection with different pathogens (or even genetically distinct isolates of the same pathogen), the stage of infection, or anatomical location [ 25].