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So far, only polyamine catabolic genes have been engineered to enhance resistance to pathogen challenge [ 20, 30, 39].
The survival rate of offsprings in pathogen challenge experiment and their pathogen inhibition rate were also detected.
Plants pretreated with bioagent and chemical inducers together become primed to respond faster and show stronger activation of cellular defense responses after pathogen challenge compared with control plants.
Shrimp C-type lectins show considerable diversity in their domain architectures, sugar substrates, tissue distributions, expression patterns responding to pathogen challenge and functions in shrimp immunity.
Upon a pathogen challenge in vitro, blood polymorphonuclear leukocyte phagocytosis capacity and oxidative burst activity were greater in Met-supplemented cows.
A total of 763 transcript-derived fragments (TDFs) were analyzed from 21 primer sets and 58 TDFs were detected to be differentially expressed during pathogen challenge.
As most infectious organisms gain entry at mucosal surfaces, there is a great deal of interest in developing vaccines that elicit effective mucosal immune responses against pathogen challenge.
However, even weight variation within the normal range or in food-restricted animals is correlated with the immune response to a pathogen challenge and changes in behavior.
This would render pathogen challenge experiments uninterpretable.
IFNγ is produced by activated T lymphocytes in response to intracellular pathogen challenge.
We consider only two resource demanding biological processes of a host: growth and immune response to pathogen challenge.
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