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The Nasserite state succeeded in delivering material security to much of its population, but it was based on a strictly paternal model of authority: the highest ranks of the military would rule in the interests of everybody, and everybody would be grateful for their munificence.
But as the former C.E.O. of Alcoa and a current adviser to the Blackstone Group, what do you make of the general decline in corporate leadership, which seems less invested these days in the old paternal model of social responsibility than in personal greed?
Using GHI, for each chromosome, we began with a fully penetrant maternal or paternal model with no phenocopies.
In the paternal model (model 2) we removed maternal education, income and employment status, and included paternal education, income and employment status.
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Table 7 listed the genotypic compositions of the maternal and paternal models in which different parameter formulations allow the two models distinguishable.
For each suggestive linkage result (HLOD≥2 for either maternal or paternal models), additional models were fit allowing for reduced penetrance or increased phenocopy rates to assess the sensitivity of the linkage signal to alternative parameters using the following procedure.
Paternal models were adjusted for the child's sex and age at diagnosis, socioeconomic status, paternal smoking during the birth year and paternal drinking alcohol 1 year before pregnancy.
However, as the overwhelming majority of our sample was mothers, we are not able to determine if paternal modelling could be important for boys and, as such, this is an important topic that warrants further examination.
We then additionally adjusted for maternal and paternal diabetes (model 3) and self-reported birth weight (<2500 g, 2500-4000 g, >4000 g, missing) (model 4).
This is exactly the expectation of the covariance between relatives for these same relationships under a paternal gametic model of inheritance.
In the combined maternal and paternal PBB model, there was a 6% increase in the odds of a male birth (AOR = 1.06, 95% CI: 0.97, 1.17) for a 10 μg/L increase in the natural log of maternal and paternal PBB concentrations.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com