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Indicators of such bias in this study are the greater proportion of institution-based children that were double-orphans, and maternal death being a greater risk factor for being in an institution than paternal death.
Maternal death from HIV is a strong predictor of future paternal death, which points clearly to the need to prioritise treatment to surviving parents to avoid orphanhood.
For progression to marriage and first birth, the odds ratios suggest faster progressions for women with both dead and divorced fathers, but the only marginally significant outcome is the association with paternal death.
Demographic information such as gender, age, setting (institution-dwelling or family-dwelling), OSC type (single orphan, double orphan, or separated; maternal death, paternal death, or both) were collected at baseline.
It has been demonstrated by the Framingham Longevity Study of Coronary Heart Disease that longevity is more strongly associated with age of maternal death than that of paternal death, suggesting that mitochondrial DNA inheritance might play an important role in determining longevity (Brand et al 1992).
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Measures of both paternal and offspring BMI were available in 72 815 father-son pairs (2030 paternal deaths).
28 The final dataset analysed contained information on 1 018 012 mother-son pairs (122 677 maternal deaths) and 1 004 617 father-son pairs (242 126 paternal deaths).
Results The final dataset analysed contained information on 1 018 012 mother-son pairs (122 677 maternal deaths) and 1 004 617 father-son pairs (242 126 paternal deaths).
The proportion of children affected by cancer remains similar regardless of whether it is the mother or the father with cancer, but children are much more likely to experience paternal than maternal death.
One in five children experienced parental death from cancer; parental death was more often paternal than maternal and was most common in parents diagnosed with leukemia or brain, colorectal, and lung tumors.
The mean parental lifespan was calculated only for those individuals for whom both maternal and paternal age of death information was available, by taking an average of the maternal and paternal age at death.
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