In recent years, firms have increasingly contributed to and been confronted with a patent landscape characterized by numerous but marginal inventions, overlapping claims and patent fences.
The patent system is characterized by low standards for gaining patents, unnecessary uncertainty over the scope and validity of patents, and damage awards that are often excessive.
In particular two different design solutions have been analyzed, both patent pending, one characterized by a conformal contact of two conic surfaces and the other one by a non-conformal contact between a cone and a sphere.
The patent data are characterized by the following measures of central tendency: mean (1.67), median (1.0) and a positive skewness value (1.324).
We also find that more science-based patents, which are usually characterized by a higher technological uncertainty, are more likely to be traded, but are much less likely to be involved in cross-border deals.
The two elements of a simple patent case, construing the patent and determining whether infringement occurred, were characterized by the former patent practitioner, Justice Curtis.
Kodak's patent clearance process was characterized by a court as "a model for what the law requires," but it turned out to be wrong as to 7 of the 12 Polaroid patents in the litigation.
In this work, a batch cooling crystallization process for a GlaxoSmithKline patented API, which is characterized by very slow growth rate and needle morphology, was studied and improved using process analytical technology (PAT) based feedback control techniques and in situ immersion milling.
Patients with patent vascular access were characterized by significantly elevated LVM and significantly greater percentage of LVH, based on LVMI/BSA (66.7 versus 48.4%, P = 0.02).
Patients with patent vascular access were characterized by significantly elevated LVM (Table 1) and greater percentage of LVH, based on LVM indexed for BSA (66.7 versus 48.4%, P = 0.02).
Patent VL is classically characterized by the presence of irregular fever, paleness, and splenomegaly and, in the absence of treatment; it is a progressive infection with fatal outcome {[ 3] #279}.
