De Theije doesn't see much of what are generally perceived as major drawbacks in industrial research: a patent-driven environment and lack of research independence.
We show that in this environment patent rights and cash rewards are complements, and that GIPs are often preferable to patent races or prizes requiring technologies to be placed in the public domain.
The key elements of evolutionary models are the external environment (patent regimes, market structures, standards and regulations as well as natural environment) in which technologies are developed, the population perspective and variation (not only average values but also variances in the population of firms/products are in focus of analysis).
He said he hoped that the potential income from the latest patent would promote an environment in which researchers will take risks.
Dentin tubules must be patent from the oral environment to the pulp.
For nearly a decade, the court's five conservative justices have steadily usurped the power to govern by striking down or weakening federal and state laws regulating issues as varied as gun sales, the environment and patents -- as well as laws protecting women and now the disabled.
These are coded into an action gaming environment with patents pending both for the way in which the streams of information are displayed to the user and the Akili-developed adaptive algorithms to make the difficulty constantly tuned to the user so the entire experience is automatically personalized.
Pfizer faces a difficult business environment after the patent on Lipitor, the world's top-selling drug, expires in November 2011.
(a) To create a positive environment for registering patents and exploiting them and (b) to anticipate the second patenting generation as commercial products besides the present protection and defense mechanisms (Chien 2010) 4.
We also examine the association between used and unused patents and their characteristics such as family size, scope, generality and overlapping claims, technology area, type of applicant, and the competitive environment from where these patents originate.
