Electrophysiological properties characteristic to cardiomyocytes in normal or dedifferentiated myocytes at 4 and 7 days and in semi-adherent myocyte-derived cells (MDCs) were evaluated by whole-cell patch techniques as described previously [66], [69].
By contrast with effects on open probability, the amplitude of single CaV1.2 channel currents measured using cell-attached patch techniques or mean-variance analysis was not reduced by gluconate replacement.
Human TRPC5 channels were conditionally expressed in HEK293 cells and studied using intracellular Ca2+ measurement, whole-cell voltage-clamp and excised patch techniques.
Na+ currents recorded from such experiments have been shown to be in agreement with those obtained from tight patch techniques (Eickhorn et al. 1990).
Most authors agree that large dural defects may be closed with patch techniques using autologous tissue, dural allografts, or fibrin glue along the suture line [ 5, 12, 29].
Overall, various factors such as usage of surgical microscopes, patch techniques, anesthesia, neuromonitoring, intraoperative shunting and most importantly standardized screening procedures have led to a reduction of mortality and morbidity [ 13, 31, 32, 37].
