Patch density (PD) increased in the rapid cultivation stage.
Butterfly species richness was higher in landscapes with more butterfly habitat and higher patch density.
Additionally, patch density of forest was also associated to the variation in assemblages' richness.
Roads increased number of patches and patch density, and decreased mean patch size and largest patch index.
Patch density, edge density, mean shape index, nearest neighbor distance, and the interspersion/juxtaposition index all showed relatively small changes.
Also, the ecosystem's change rate near roads increased while the diversity evenness, patch density and human disturbance indices all decreased.
In contrast to the decrease of the patch density, the average patch area of 12 soil types increased.
The percentage of impervious and green space surface, the amount of landscape cover types, patch density and landscape fragment significantly affected the earthworm assemblages.
Compositional metrics, such as patch density, diversity, evenness, and largest patch index, were well correlated with vegetative cover, its spatial variation, and population density.
Low grazing-pressure areas showed significantLow grazing-pressure of DSH cover with lareas contiguoushowedhesignificantlyatchigherity than high–grazing-percentagereas.
Restoration ranges for large snag density, tree patch density and maximum patch size, and tree diameter distribution were not met within any burn severity class.
