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The two areas consist of complex mosaics, reflecting past logging activities as well as vigorous post-logging regrowth.
The presence of residual trees left after clearcutting may explain why regeneration level was relatively good (>50%) in stands affected by past logging activities.
Current forest stand structure, after extended fire exclusion and past logging across the three sites, also varied with a reverse-J distribution indicating strong dominance by small trees for two of the study sites and a truncated age distribution at the other site.
The 'Khasi hill sal' forest ecosystem is richer in alpha and beta diversity than most sal-dominated forests, but past logging has reduced basal area.
Apparently, anthropogenic interference in form of past logging of trees by the foresters for supply of sal logs, and small timber extraction for households (especially poles) have eliminated large girth trees from the forest.
Scarcity of high-value timber species reflected past logging, whereas abundance of light-demanding species, and species valued for fruits, provided evidence of human-aided forest restoration and 'enrichment' in terms of useful trees.
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Marsh grasses gave way to towering forests of spruce, pine and cedar, but I stopped looking up, needing all my concentration to maneuver past logs and rocks submerged in the shallow water.
Reading through several past logs and comparing them to your recent ones can help you spot early symptoms of mood swings.
Someday soon, remembering a password may be a thing of the past, and logging into a system will be more secure than ever.
These include: (1) the ability of species to persist in post-disturbed forest landscapes, including those perturbed by past clearing, logging or wildfire, (2) the impacts of plantation establishment on biodiversity, (3) the effectiveness of altered silvicultural systems on forest structure, vegetation composition, and biota, and (4) inter-relationships between forest logging and fire-proneness.
Despite being a hotbed of plague in times past, Europe logged very few cases of the disease in the past decade.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com