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How do the ripple effects of the past effect us -- today, in real time?
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A novel procedure is introduced in order to separate the current and past effects of the climate variables influencing the current pollen concentration.
Yet, depending on the past effects of the eternal consciousness on the mind of the individual, different interpretations of this higher spirit will be made by each particular reformer: "It speaks with different voices" (PE 301).
To this end, in keeping with trends elsewhere in the world, it would seem important for geoscientists intimate with Asia-Pacific cultures to help gather and identify myths that might inform our understanding of past coastal change in this region and, through an understanding of past effects on environments and societies, contribute to the management of expected future coastal changes.
So no one is saying -- yet -- that present causes can change past effects.
As a preventive medicine specialist, I am natively inclined to think past effects to causes.
An integrated series accumulates (some) past effects and is therefore non-stationary.
However, a problem that arises in this type of studies is the potential confusion caused by the past effects of negative selection.
In most instances, research on disturbance from hurricanes has focussed on the immediate effects of damage but past effects of disturbances have been studied less (Tanner et al. 2014; Wagner et al. 2014).
Therefore, past effects of disturbance can produce gradients of vegetation and environmental conditions (Foster and Boose 1992) that often can be measured long after the passing of such events (Batke and Kelly 2014; Batke et al. 2014).
Using population genetics theory and methods to test for the past effects of natural selection and recombination at centromeres, I rule these forces out as major contributors to rapid centromere evolution in yeast.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com