Sentence examples for passive trends from inspiring English sources

Thus, selection can be a cause of either driven or passive trends, depending on whether it is directional or stabilizing.

Passive trends have been likened to the diffusion of particles from an area of high concentration to a more dispersed state (McShea 1994).

As McShea (1994) noted, driven trends permit extrapolations from small-scale to large-scale and vice versa, whereas passive trends do not.

On the other hand, the most obvious explanation for passive trends involving one-sided expansions in variance is some form of constraint, perhaps internal and nonadaptive in nature.

In technical terms, driven trends are those in which the underlying dynamic is homogeneous, whereas passive trends result from dynamics that are at least locally heterogeneous.

There are numerous processes capable of causing either driven or passive trends, which by and large are not mutually exclusive and may interact in interesting ways (Alroy 2000; Gould 2002).

A driven trend caused by natural selection operating among individuals, or a passive trend resulting from a developmental constraint that limits change in one direction.

If the minimum does not change, then this is suggestive of a passive trend, although it must be noted that some locally driven trends do not involve increases in the minimum (e.g., Alroy 1998).

In b, there is a passive trend at the global scale (because of an expansion in variance with a limit at the low end), even though within each component lineage the trend is driven (because the driven trends at local scales occur in both directions).

If the forces are homogeneous (i.e., they operate mostly in the same direction), then the trend is driven (b). Figure from McShea (1994), reproduced by permission of Blackwell Fig. 6 A passive trend can result when the variance in some feature expands within a group of species over time after beginning at a low value close to a lower limit.

A driven trend in which descendant species consistently have larger bodies on average than their ancestors, or a passive trend in which lineages begin at small size such that a bounded increase in variance results in an increase in average size.