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An apology statement with active responsibility was more likely to relieve public anger than an apology statement with passive responsibility.
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An online experiment was constructed as a 2 × 2 factorial design of independent variables (active-passive responsibility admittance vs. high-low sympathetic expression) on public's anger relief with between-subjects comparison.
The MPs accuse the DfE of collecting lots of data on children in care but being "too passive", leaving responsibility to local authorities and "failing to understand that responsibility to act to achieve better for children in care should be shared".
Recognize a passive response.
Yes, "if you put the by-phrase in", the passive lays the responsibility on the line prominently.
The distinction between active and passive modes of responsibility entails another important aspect, namely time dimension, and under this aspect, we should distinguish between two temporal directions of responsibility: the retrospective and the prospective ones (Cane 2002).
GPs with the 'Passive' view on responsibility have the same combination of the least inclusive views on all domains: they view the sick-listing commission to be a 'Patient's commission' (1a) and understand sick-listing as limited to issuing a sickness certificate.
The categories Disclaiming responsibility and Responsibility irrelevant might be seen as related to the possible adoption of passive coping styles.
"Harm was done," we're told, in a carefully passive voice, pushing away responsibility.
He taunts:it just isn't true that the passive buries or hides responsibility: if you put the by-phrase in, it lays it on the line prominently.
This time it was: "My vote was my mistake" -- not passive at all, taking responsibility much more actively.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com