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Some studies have shown that passive provocation has an increased ROM compared to active muscle provocation [ 13].
However, with passive provocation the motion of the facet joints might better reflect the relationship between implant and facet joint than the facet joints' actual motion pattern.
This evaluation was based upon passive provocation; thus, the muscle contraction was less in the lumbar spine with this provocation than it would be if the patients were provoked in a standing position.
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A better reliability [k range 0.25 0.55] was demonstrated for the passive pain provocation tests.
Five clinical examination variables (repetitive mechanism of pain onset, no referred pain below the elbow, thickened or swollen ACJ, no symptom provocation during passive glenohumeral abduction and external rotation) were associated with an 80% PAR (P<0.05) and demonstrated an ability to accurately discriminate between an PAR and NAR (AUC 0.791; 95% CI 0.702, 0.880; P<0.001).
She considers it pointless, counterproductive even, to answer the Russian's provocations with passive reserve.
The provocation proved provocative.
Hicks et al [ 17] examined the reliability of clinical measures, such as active and passive movement testing, palpation and provocation tests, for the identification of lumbar segmental instability.
The interesting finding from a qualitative point of view is that less of the muscle seems to be contracted and this part is in the middle/deeper part surrounded by more passive trapezius muscle tissue segments after pain provocation compared to before pain provocation In future studies it will be an advantage if the applicator of the US registration is blinded with respect to group belonging.
The provocation of pain during passive glenohumeral joint abduction and external rotation is commonly associated with symptomatic glenohumeral capsuloligamentous or intra-articular pathology [ 41- 43].
The examination consisted among others of measurements of the range of passive movements, tenderness or pain upon provocation (movements, palpation or endurance test), and palpation of trigger points in the trapezius.
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