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Although strict output passivity may be enforced via a damping injection that feeds back the passive output, this signal may be noisy or unmeasurable — the paradigmatic example being velocity in mechanical systems.
The modulator operates at fundamental frequency and the whole system satisfies grid code requirements using a simple passive output filter tuned with 11th harmonic.
In many applications, however, the signal of interest is not a passive output and ensuring its regulation remains an open problem.
We propose a novel adaptive coordination architecture which uses state feedback to define a new passive output for the master and slave robots containing both position and velocity information.
In this paper a sampled integral stabilization (SIS) technique for the asymptotic regulation of passive systems, that requires only the knowledge of the time integral of the passive output — i.e. position in mechanical systems — is proposed.
A second contribution of our work is the identification of a new passive output for Port–Hamiltonian systems, which is invariant to the action of PBCs that modify only the energy function so-called basic interconnection and damping assignment PBCs–proving that they are energy-balancing.
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The differential flatness property is then used to synthesize a suitable feedback passivity based controller with passive outputs reference trajectories indirectly specified in terms of the flat output trajectories.
A passivity based controller, designed with reasonable passive outputs reference trajectories, is shown to be unsuitable, dueto unrealistic reactant concentration and temperature controller profiles in the unrestricted controls case, or, due to controller saturation, and convergence to undesirable equilibria, when hard constraints are imposed on the control input signals.
Regulation of passive outputs of nonlinear systems can be easily achieved with an integral control (IC).
The controller design consists of a partial feedback linearization step followed by a standard PID controller acting on two passive outputs.
A technique that provides closed loop integral action depending on the passive outputs of port-controlled Hamiltonian systems is already available.
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