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Passive modalities such as massage, manipulation techniques or applying applications (e.g. ultra sound or current waves) are not allowed in the PT treatment.
Active codes included CPT codes for therapeutic exercise or neuromuscular reeducation, for example, while passive codes included those codes for passive modalities including hot packs and ultrasound.
This could be related to the marked heterogeneity among interventions classified as physical treatment, which included passive modalities such as heat and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation; aerobic, motor control, and strengthening exercises; and education including back school programmes.
Evidence suggest that lumbar extensor strengthening exercise administered alone or with co-interventions is more effective than no treatment and most passive modalities for improving pain, disability, and other patient-reported outcomes in chronic LBP [ 23].
The GPs' positive attitude regarding the non-recommend modalities, like manual therapy and other passive modalities, could be explained by the preferences for these modalities by the patients and physical therapists.
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In 2008, the Bone and Joint Decade 2000 2010 Task Force on Neck Pain and Its Associated Disorders Neck Pain Task Forcee) found limited evidence on the effectiveness of manual therapies, passive physical modalities, or acupuncture for the management of whiplash-associated disorders (WAD) or neck pain and associated disorders (NAD).
No approved active or passive therapeutic modalities exist for filovirus infections.
Anthroposophic medicine (AM), a complementary system of medicine founded by Rudolf Steiner and Ita Wegman [ 18], includes active (AM art and eurythmy therapy) as well as passive therapy modalities (massage, medications).
Findings suggested that usual care from a PCP was rarely evidence-based, with many patients receiving bed rest, opioids, and passive physical modalities, and few receiving exercise and reassurance.
§ Passive physical therapy modalities, like cold or heat therapy, ultrasound, laser or electrotherapy.
No passive stretching or modalities such as electric stimulation or ultrasound were allowed.
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