From Jefferson's departure until the end of the century, the presidency was perceived as an essentially passive institution.
Many of the company's investors, which include local council pension funds as well as some of the biggest UK and global financial institutions, are passive investors which invest across the entire market and say they have no choice about what companies they invest in because their mandate is to invest in whatever is in the index.
If a majority of the company's equity has traded hands from founders and early employees to a range of faceless institutions and passive investors, and less so to current employees, then who will drive the ship once I place my bet?
"When you look at the volumes [of weapons, people and oil] that are transiting going into Turkey, it's inevitable that there is some collusion from customs and military, and my impression is that its individuals benefiting or profiting, and a sort of passive attitude from the institutions that lets it happen," she said.
In line with the relevant literature, we examine the role played by labor market policies and institutions — active and passive labor market policies as well as employment protection legislation and include a monetary policy variable.
The institutions have been passive during the turmoil and power struggles at Ibrox, and despite taking a significant loss on their shares, they no longer wanted to be involved with the club, which needs at least £8m in fresh investment to keep operating.
"We were simply being asked to provide passive consent such that the European institutions could do the kind of things... necessary to create that fiscal integration".
The policy-making process has been a top-down approach, controlled mainly by central state institutions with limited and passive involvement of provinces, civil society and persons living with HIV.
Passive aggression or passiveness.
We are a little too much like the passive Romans of Crassus' day, when the institutions of the old republic were giving way to a despotic (and competent) imperium.
