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One approach has been to immunise against Aβ, either by active immunisation against Aβ or by passive immunisation with anti-Aβ antibodies.
This is called passive immunisation.
Passive immunisation with antibodies binding to the cellular prion protein (PrPC) can protect against prion disease.
Passive immunisation of hamsters with a combination of antibodies to TcdA and TcdB fragments afforded complete protection from severe CDI induced by a challenge of bacterial spores.
When combined therapies (hyperimmune serum plus β-lactam) were explored, the strategy based on passive immunisation (prior to infection) followed by β-lactam administration post-infection was more effective than serotherapy plus antibiotherapy post-infection [5].
Several clinical trials involving active and passive immunisation in AD are currently underway [ 94].
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19 In addition, active and passive immunisations were excluded from the data as these typically follow different development and National Health Service (NHS) market access pathways to other drugs.
The same group further investigated the effect of active and passive Aβ immunisation and demonstrated the importance of clearing both soluble Aβ and soluble tau for the improvement of cognitive performance [ 81].
Pharmacodynamically, passive pre-immunisation of animals resulted in a significant reduction in the value of the parameter predicting efficacy for β-lactams, i.e, the time (% dosing interval) that serum concentrations exceed the MIC (t>MIC) [6] when total drug was considered.
Beasley et al. and Lo et al. demonstrated the effectiveness of both passive and active immunisation to interrupt perinatal HBV transmission.
Among these approaches are passive or active immunisations [4], [5] whereas others aim at the identification of pharmacological compounds or of peptide aptamers [6] promoting PrPSc clearance.
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