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The passive countermeasure was designed to mitigate head injuries caused by the bonnet area, A-pillars, and the remaining windscreen area up to 2.1 m wrap around distance (WAD).
The integrated system resulted in 50%95%5% confidence interval: 30 70%) greater effectiveness than the active countermeasure in reducing the number of pedestrians sustaining severe (AIS3+) head injuries, and 90%9595% CI: 50 150%) greater effectiveness than the passive countermeasure.
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The effectiveness of the planned passive countermeasures for potential zoning management is evaluated.
We review the different types of active and passive countermeasures available, categorizing them and assessing whether or not they are suitable for Critical Infrastructure Protection (CIP).
This paper investigates the aeroacoustic response of an annular duct with closed coaxial side-branches, and examines the effect of several passive countermeasures on the resonance intensity.
Radar-Absorbent Materials (RAMs) – as crucial components of passive countermeasures in the modern-day military tactics – are used for absorption of electromagnetic waves.
Although vertical central stabilizer (VCS) on long-span cable-supported bridges is one of practical passive aerodynamic countermeasures, the effectiveness of VCS in improving aerodynamic performance is much dependent on the parameters of VCS.
The integrated system was a direct combination of the passive and active countermeasures.
The aim of this study was to investigate the potential pedestrian head injury reduction from hypothetical passive and active countermeasures compared to an integrated system.
Integrated systems of passive and active pedestrian countermeasures offer a considerably increased potential for head injury reduction compared to either of the two systems alone.
Then, in Section 4, the switching controller is presented and discussed as a countermeasure for the Passive System Identification attack.
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