This phenomenon was observed in our previous study and reportedly dissimilar among the two strains, where passive adherence to Hg2+ was weaker with Idd1 growing cells than those of Idd2 (Oyetibo et al. 2015b).
Passive adherence of metals onto cell surface is known to be prevalent at lag and early exponential phases, preceding the active bioaccumulation that mostly occurs at late exponential and stationary phases of growth.
Our current vividness findings suggest that in the measurement of adherence to computerized interventions (cf. Kiluk et al., 2011), it is important to include measures of "active" adherence (i.e., engaging with the intervention; here, vividness of imagery) rather than simply "passive" adherence (e.g., going through the motions of completing sessions; cf. Bendelin et al., 2011, in relation to iCBT).
Cell spreading is a complex process consisting of substrate adherence and passive-descent events, later followed by active probing of the cellular environment [44].
Intentional non-adherence is an active decision not to take medication as prescribed, whereas unintentional non-adherence is a passive process in which the patient fails to adhere to prescribing instructions due to forgetfulness, carelessness, or the complexity of a medication regimen.
When treatment refusal was converted to a binary variable using a cut-off score of less than 5 (treatment adherence less than passive acceptance) to indicate 'objection' to treatment then 18 participants without capacity (38%) objected and incapacity associated with 'objection' to treatment (χ = 20.1, P<0.001).
The observations that (1) cells of diverse shape and size are immobilised, and (2) cells maintain contact with one or more fibres upon application of force, suggest a physical interaction between the cells and the fibres is more consistent with active adherence rather than passive entrapment.
Unintentional non-adherence is a passive process that prevents use of medication as intended by the prescriber, such as forgetfulness, poor comprehension of dosing regimen or physical inability to self-administer medication.
The attribution of symptoms to fate or chance indicates a sense of lack of control on illness, and consequently high scores of fatalistic-external locus of control are rather expected correlated with passive illness behavior and non-adherence to treatment.
Such polymicrobial biofilms demonstrate diverse community properties, which allow for invasion of host tissue and subsequent cell adherence in tandem with passive antibiotic resistance and metabolic handovers (Wolcott et al., 2013).
Unintentional non-adherence, on the other hand, is a passive process whereby patients fail to adhere to prescribing instructions through forgetfulness, carelessness, or circumstances out of their control (e.g., health literacy) [ 6, 7].
