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The second ingredient, or second level, is passive acknowledgment, when infractions are too persistent to go unnoticed.
In this emerging view, social scientists see denial on a broader spectrum — from benign inattention to passive acknowledgment to full-blown, willful blindness — on the part of couples, social groups and organizations, as well as individuals.
This active recasting of events, built on the same smaller-bore psychological tools of inattention and passive acknowledgment, is the point at which relationship repair can begin to shade into willful self-deception of the kind that takes on a life of its own.
This reaction is not only one of passive acknowledgment; it also actively transforms the subject by facilitating a consciousness of that very universal nature.
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OR protocols use a mechanism similar to passive acknowledgments to avoid individual acknowledgments and suppress duplicate retransmissions.
The acknowledgment is passive for good reasons: an open confrontation, with a loved one or oneself, risks a major rupture or life change that could be more dire than the offense.
Passive aggression or passiveness.
But, the more often I hear acknowledgments, the more I hate how they're written the passive constructions, the useless adverbs, the Latinate jargon, and, in the case of the acknowledgment at my children's school, that last sentence, about the continued presence of indigenous peoples on the land, comes as pure afterthought.
He nodded in acknowledgment.
Acknowledgment received.
No public acknowledgment.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com