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Cumulative population doublings per passage were calculated as log2 (number of cells at time of subculture/number of cells plated) and plotted against total time in culture to assess replicative lifespan.
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The population doubling level during each passage was calculated according to the formula log (final cell number/3×105)/log2.
Population doublings (PD) per passage was calculated as log2 number of cells at time of subculture/number of cells plated).
The sphere-forming efficiency at each passage was calculated by dividing the number of spheres formed by the total number of cells seeded and expressed as a percentage.
The number of PDs at each passage was calculated as log(N/n)/log 2 where N is the number of cells counted at the time of passage and n is the number of cells initially plated.
The number of population doublings (expressed as PDL) at every passage was calculated as log N/ln 2, where N is the number of cells at the time of passage divided by the number of cells initially attached after seeding (Nt/Ni).
The doubling time of BM-MSCs per passage was calculated by tlog2/(log N t − log N0), where t is time to confluence, N t is the number of cells at the end of growth period, and N0 is the initial number of cells.
To estimate passage correlation, the Spearman correlation coefficients between passage 5 and the other passages were calculated per cell line.
Subculturing was continued for 20 passages, and the accumulated population doublings during these 20 passages were calculated.
For each FLS cell line, beta value differences of the previously identified 1,859 CpG signature between passages were calculated and plotted as histograms with bins for every 0.01 interval.
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