Symptoms may include puffiness of the eyes, hands a feet; passage of bloody, cloudy or tea-colored urine; excessive foaming of the urine; passing less urine or difficulty passing urine; fatigue and loss of appetite; persistent generalized itching.[2].
Please note this article addresses involuntary passage of urine only, and isn't intended to cover other urination-related problems like too-frequent urination or behavioral-related problems like submissive urination.
Urethritis, infection and inflammation of the urethra, the channel for passage of urine from the urinary bladder to the outside.
3. Megalo-ureter, a disorder in which the passage carrying urine from kidney to bladder is enlarged, sometimes to the size of the small intestine.
Incontinence, the involuntary passage of urine (or feces), may be due to a faulty nerve supply, which either leaves the sphincters relaxed or allows them to be overcome by distension of the bladder.
In male mammals the excretory and genital ducts remain connected, having the urethra as their common outlet; in females the urethra serves only for the passage of urine and the uterus opens separately by means of the vagina.
FGM is a horrendous practice; the most severe form involves cutting off a girl's clitoris and labia and suturing the remaining tissue together, leaving a small hole for the passage of urine and menstrual blood.
It usually takes the form of the cutting away of all the exterior sex organs of a young girl, aged between six and puberty, and the stitching up of the vulva, leaving a small opening to allow the passage of urine and menstrual blood.
Colour Doppler can also be used to detect the passage of urine at the ureterovesical junction: the so-called ureteral jet.
Absence of a "ureteral jet" (passage of urine at the uretero-vescical junction) on the suspected side of an obstruction has been reported to have a sensitivity of 100%% and specificity of 91%[31]1].
The US study should then be performed following hydration to ensure a distended urinary bladder (thus allowing a good acoustic window to the terminal ureter) as well as visibility of the ureteral jet (produced by the passage of urine from the ureter into the bladder), if there is not complete occlusion.
