It should be noted, however, that the vast majority of neural precursor cells in a clonal neurosphere are neural progenitor cells (Morshead et al., 1994), which have decreased passaging ability and limited self-renewal.
With the increase of passage pressurizing ability, endwall boundary layer behavior is deteriorated, and the transition zone is extended from suction surface to the endwall as the adverse pressure gradient increases.
We expect that with serial passage, infection ability should increase and virulence should also increase (because there is no inherent tradeoff with between-host fitness).
Although these cells were from OA joints, we have previously shown that passaged primary human OA chondrocytes retain important chondrocyte properties comparable to chondrocytes from age-matched non-OA cartilage, such as their response to chondrogenic culture following SOX9 transduction (35) and at early passage the ability to form cartilage matrix in chondrogenic cultures (16).
With increasing passages, the ability of cells to grow reduced.
We collected data on their phonological decoding skills and their passage comprehension abilities, and the mean grade level equivalency for these skills were 5.8 (SD = 3.31) and 4.4 (SD = 2.11), respectively.
Both groups showed morphological transformation by the 13th passage but their ability to grow in soft agar did not occur until at least passage 23; plating efficiencies indicated that NMU had reduced transformation.
Although PbMut lines at the 122nd mouse passage lost the ability of gametocyte formation, accumulation of deleterious mutations in genes essential for mosquito or liver stages will be suppressed by conducting a long-term mouse passage in combination with mosquito passage in the future.
In contrast, ASCs can only be cultured for a few passages before their ability to differentiate is diminished (Wall et al. 2007).
One involves the utilization of a sub-line of the invasive human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231, which was selected by serial in vivo passages for its ability to develop bone metastases when injected through the tail vein of immunocompromised mice [ 7].
