Most relevant in this context is that organelles pass a genetic bottleneck when entering the germline (Box 1).
Pedestrians are moving in opposite directions and pass through a bottleneck, i.e. a narrowing of the passageway.
At each generation, the population of mitochondrial genomes will pass through a bottleneck when the oocyte segregates a small number of its mother's genomes.
Indeed the risks of inbreeding are high even when choosing genetically diverse founding stock, as reintroductions will pass through a bottleneck due to founder effects associated with population subsampling and postrelease mortality.
The sketch in Fig. 3 might be a more realistic representation than that shown in Fig. 2. Here, the planet's biotic development sometimes follows a multitude of branching and diverging paths, but at other times the paths pass through a bottleneck, that is, a specific sequence of events that must occur at the local or planetary scale for biological evolution to progress.
Such conflicting results can arise when a population passes through a genetic bottleneck, and evidence suggests that the Sorraia, among other rare breeds, has recently passed through a bottleneck, effectively obscuring the position of this breed in the family tree of the domestic horse.
One possible explanation is that ancestral H. sapiens quite recently passed through a "bottleneck" in which the entire human population was reduced to a few hundred or perhaps a couple of thousand individuals, perhaps approximately 150 kya; however, this explanation is not universally accepted.
The study is helpful for designing and planning pedestrian facilities involving pedestrian counter flow through the bottleneck and for evaluating the pedestrian efficiency of passing through a bottleneck.
Genetic bottlenecks decrease the genetic breadth within a population, and a decrease in the diversity of both nonresponders and relapsers was observed, consistent with both groups passing through a bottleneck.
The sign of g indicates that N. cervinus most likely passed through a bottleneck (i.e. a decline in population size).
