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Figure 8 illustrates that with the increase of the number of particles, the average error and its standard deviation decrease gradually.
Based on more than 200 counts of individual particles, the average diameters were calculated as 2.8 ± 0.3 nm, 2.4 ± 0.7 nm, and 4.7 ± 0.4 nm for 1 2, 1 1, and 2 1 samples, respectively.
Increased energy input from the solar wind during CIR events appear to mainly increase the number flux of escaping particles, the average energy of the escaping particles is not strongly affected.
Due to the synergistic strengthening effects of WC and CeO2 particles, the average grain size of the composite coating is reduced, and the microhardness and fracture toughness are increased.
If (r_{mathrm{cut}}) is larger than the mean inter-particle distance (langle r rangle) (i.e. if most particles have neighbour particles), the average timestep is roughly given by bigllangle langleDelta t ranglebigrrangle simmin biggl( eta frac{R}{sigma}N^{-1/3}, {Delta t_{max}} biggr), (25) where R is the typical size of the system.
The enhancement factor is shown to depend upon the fraction of the interface 'covered' by the solid particles, the average particle size, the distribution coefficient of the solute partitioning between the solid and the liquid phases and the physical gas liquid (liquid side) mass transfer coefficient.
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The MEA was fabricated by Micro-Electro-Mechanical System fabrication technology and all recording sites were modified with platinum black nano-particles, the average impedance decreased by nearly 90 times.
When increasing the plasma energy, the temperature of the powder particles increased, the average carbide particle size decreased and their shape became more rounded.
SEM images show some agglomeration among the particles and the average size of the particles in the range of 50 90 nm.
The smaller particles, therefore, act as "nutrients" for bigger particles and the average size increases.
Total porosity was estimated from the values of bulk density and particle density (The average soil particle density value of 2.65 g cm−3 for mineral soils was assumed).
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