Sentence examples for particles by which from inspiring English sources

Hence, nanoparticles have to be either embedded in or coated on the surface of larger particles, by which the merit of nanoparticles is largely compromised.

Symbolically, the reaction is written as follows: According to the currently accepted Standard Model of particle physics, electrons and photons are both "fundamental particles," by which physicists mean that such particles have no structure, i.e., such particles are not composed of other, smaller particles.

In the process, high density lipoproteins (HDL) serve as transport particles by which peripheral cell cholesterol can be returned to the liver for catabolism [3].

Bubble particle interaction is critical to the separation of particles by flotation which can be used in plastic recycling.

The negatively charged dye anions get attracted towards the fiber probably due to the polarity developed in the metal particles by induction which results in better bonding between the dye and the fiber.

Different mechanisms at work during sintering by which particle-to-particle bonding can take place are viscous flow, vapor condensation, diffusion, and surface tension.

Arbitrary moving boundaries can be included by modelling the boundaries by particles which repel the fluid particles.

Further, we suggest that the effects of bone regeneration can be prolonged by immobilization of BMP-2 in polyhedron particles and we demonstrate a means by which such particles might be applied in clinical therapy.

Understanding the processes by which particles enter nanoscale constrictions and how the particles behave while inside a constriction is critical to designing devices with optimized performance.

The mechanism by which particles are bound and internalized and the reason particles are toxic is unclear.

It also seems to explain three of the four known forces by which particles in the universe interact, or exert forces, on one another.